Lip sores can develop for a variety reasons, and not all of them are a cause for concern. However, sores on the lip can also be early indicators of skin cancer, so it’s important to recognize potentially concerning lip sores and seek treatment. According to Dr. Christian Scheufele of U.S. Dermatology Partners in Weatherford and Granbury, TX, “Lip cancer is most responsive to treatment when it’s diagnosed in the early stages, but many people may not recognize the early warning signs and assume it’s just a mouth sore that will go away on its own. Knowing the warning signs of mouth cancers can help you get the early diagnosis and treatment you need.” If you’re concerned about skin cancer on the lips or other causes of mouth sores, keep reading as Dr. Scheufele explains common warning signs of lip cancer and how to protect your lips.
Not All Lip Sores Are the Same
When it comes to sores on lips, Dr. Scheufele shares some good news, “The majority of mouth sores aren’t cancerous. They are typically due to an infection or small injury that’s healing and changes the tone or texture of skin. However, that doesn’t mean you should ignore all sores on the lips and mouth. Stubborn, painful, or recurrent mouth sores may be indicative of something more serious like skin cancer.”
What Causes Mouth and Lip Sores?
Understanding what causes mouth sores can help you figure out when to wait it out and when it’s time to visit your dermatologist. Below, Dr. Scheufele discusses some of the most causes of lip sores.
Cold Sores (Herpes Simplex Virus Infection)
Cold sores, or fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus. They’re painful, fluid-filled blisters that typically appear on or around the lips. The first outbreak is often the worst, but recurring sores can be triggered by stress, illness, sun exposure, or even dental appliances and procedures.
- Typical duration: 7–10 days
- Symptoms: Burning, itching, or tingling before the blister appears
Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)
Canker sores are small ulcers that develop on the inside of the lips and cheeks or on the tongue. They’re not contagious, but they tend to be more common in people experiencing high levels of stress and those with vitamin deficiencies or food sensitivities.
- Typical duration: 7–14 days
- Symptoms: Round or oval sores with a white or yellow center and red border
Oral Thrush (Candidiasis)
A common oral fungal infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans that presents as white patches in the mouth and on the lips. It’s more common in infants, denture wearers, people with weakened immune systems, and those taking antibiotics or corticosteroids.
- Typical duration: 7 to 14 days.
- Symptoms: White lesions, a sensation of cotton in the mouth, redness, or discomfort.
Other Common Causes of Mouth Sores
- Physical irritation or injury – lip biting, burns from hot food, irritation from braces or dental appliances, and other injuries to the mouth and lips can all leave sores behind.
- Allergic reactions – exposure to cosmetics, certain foods, or even toothpastes and other oral health products can cause allergic reactions on and around the mouth, resulting in sores.
- Nutritional deficiency – lack of vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron have all been linked to greater risk for dry, cracking skin on the lips as well as ulcer formation.
- Sunburn – exposure to the sun’s damaging UV rays can cause blisters and peeling. Actinic cheilitis, a form of pre-cancerous skin change, is also a common result of sun damage.
- Sexually transmitted infections – syphilis, herpes, and other sexually transmitted infections can have oral symptoms, including mouth ulcers.
- Stress – higher levels or prolonged stress triggers excessive production of the hormone, cortisol. This hormone suppresses immune function, leading to increased risk for sores and potentially triggering cold and canker sores.
When a Lip Sore Might Be Skin Cancer
Consider seeking evaluation by a dermatologist if sores on the mouth exhibit any of the following concerning symptoms:
- Sore or ulcer on the lip that doesn’t fully heal after two weeks or that seems to reappear frequently.
- Irregular shape, color, or texture, especially hard edges around the sore.
- Persistent, chronic scabbing or crusting of skin in one area.
- Thickened skin or a firm lump beneath skin.
- Pain, tingling, burning, or numbness.
- Swelling of the mouth, jaw, or neck.
- Sores that bleed.
- Systemic symptoms that accompany the mouth sores like fever or swollen glands.
According to Dr. Scheufele, “These symptoms may seem similar to other mouth sores, but the main difference is persistence. Squamous cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer that affects the lips, is relentless. It may be spread slowly, but unless it’s treated, it will continue to grow.” In addition to skin cancer, actinic cheilitis is a common, serious concern that may cause lip sores. This precancerous skin condition affects the mouth so often it has the nickname “farmer’s lip.” It causes rough, scaly patches of skin that don’t go away. It can also fade the lip color or make the border between the mouth and surrounding skin less clear. While it isn’t as much of a health risk as squamous cell carcinoma, those who develop actinic cheilitis have greater chances for developing skin cancer, so it’s important to get this condition treated.
How to Protect Your Lips Daily
To prevent lip sores and reduce risk for sun damage, consider the following lip care tips:
- Use an SPF lip balm – sun protection factor (SPF) found in sunscreens is just as important to apply to the lips as other parts of the body. Daily application is essential. Dr. Scheufele recommends EltaMD UV Lip Balm Broad Spectrum SPF 36.
- Reapply SPF lip balm – make sure to reapply at least every two hours when outdoors for prolonged periods. Apply more often when eating, drinking, or swimming.
- Shield your lips – wear a wide-brimmed hat to provide shade to protect your entire face and lips from sun damage.
- Avoid picking – biting at and picking lips causes skin barrier damage that can delay healing and increase risk for lip sores.
- Lead a healthy lifestyle – drink plenty of water, eat a nutrient rich diet, stop tobacco use, and minimize alcohol use.
- Maintain oral hygiene – brush and floss teeth daily and visit your dentist for regular checkups.
Conclusion: Take Action to Heal Lip Sores
Finally, Dr. Scheufele says, “Lips receive a lot of sun exposure over the years, so this is an area where it’s important to be vigilant in checking for warning signs of skin cancer. The earlier lip cancer is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat, so wear an SPF lip balm daily and visit your dermatologist as soon as you notice any signs of concern.”
Schedule a Dermatologic consultation
Don’t wait for lip sores to clear up on their own. Your dermatologist can provide an accurate diagnosis and partner with you to determine appropriate treatment steps. When you’re ready to speak with a trusted dermatologist, it’s quick and easy to schedule an appointment at U.S. Dermatology Partners. Take just a few moments to fill out our scheduling request form online. Once a local office hears from you, they’ll be in touch to answer any questions and finalize the details of your upcoming visit.
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